53. Size & Strength
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Vocabulary
a lot, many, much
Adverb
A word that describes how, when, or how much something happens — like とても (very) or いつも (always).
thick, fat
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
thin, slender
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
strong
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
weak
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
Grammar
not [adjective] - making い-adjectives negative
To say something is NOT a certain way (not big, not expensive, not good), you drop the い at the end of the word and add くない. For example, 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive). It works like adding "not" in English, but you change the ending of the word instead of adding a separate word.
Pattern
[i-adj stem] + くない
Drop the final い and add くない. 高い → 高くない (not expensive) 大きい → 大きくない (not big) 小さい → 小さくない (not small) Exception: いい → よくない (not good)
Examples
- The one tricky word is いい (good) - it does not become いくない. Instead it changes to よくない.
do not want to [verb]
When you want to say you do not want to do something, take the たい form (want to) and change the ending just like you would with any い-adjective - drop the い and add くない. So 食べたい (want to eat) becomes 食べたくない (do not want to eat). If you already know how to make い-adjectives negative, this works exactly the same way.
Pattern
[verb ます-stem] + たくない
Take the ます-stem of the verb and add たくない. 食べます → 食べたくない (do not want to eat) 飲みます → 飲みたくない (do not want to drink) します → したくない (do not want to do) 来ます → 来たくない (do not want to come)
Examples
- This works exactly like making an い-adjective negative because たい is itself an い-adjective ending.
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