30. First Descriptions
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Vocabulary
new; fresh
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
old (things, not people)
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
good
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
bad
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
many; much
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
few; little
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
long
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
short (length)
い-word
A describing word that ends in い. You change the ending to express different meanings — like 高い (expensive) becomes 高くない (not expensive).
Grammar
not; is not (negative ending)
When you see ない at the end of a word, it means "not" or "is not." For describing words like 新しい (new), you drop the final い and add くない to say "not new" - 新しくない. You do not need to make these forms yourself yet, but when you hear or read くない, you will know it means "not [something]."
Pattern
[い-word minus い] + くない
Describing word (い-type): drop final い, add くない 新しい → 新しくない (not new) 高い → 高くない (not expensive) Exception: いい (good) → よくない (not good)
Examples
- For now, just recognize くない as meaning "not." You will practice making these forms yourself in a later lesson.
- いい is special - its negative is よくない, not いくない. You will hear this often.
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